Effects of Neonicotinoids on Solitary Bees
Like honey and bumble bees, solitary bees also have a set of negative effects from neonicotinoids. It is highly toxic in general to blue orchard bees and alfalfa leaf-cutter bees. Larvae of solitary bees that have been exposed to neonicotinoids require more time to fully mature. These chemicals also have reproduction effects on red mason bees.